It is believed that the temple, built in the 1st century BC, was dedicated to Hercules even if it takes its name from the discovery of a statue of a woman. After being used as a prison, houses, shops, seat of the city council, in the Middle Ages the temple was transformed into a church with the name of Santa Maria sopra Minerva. In 1634 it was readapted in Baroque style and dedicated to S. Filippo Neri.